etal|好文共享:咳嗽咳痰可以预测慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重( 二 )


咳嗽咳痰与慢阻肺急性加重的密切关系 , 反映了慢阻肺病例生理中的一些关键特质 。 气道高分泌不仅增加了呼吸道阻力 , 而且导致病原微生物的聚集增加 , 下呼吸道异常菌群质和量均有变化进一步加剧了气道的慢性炎症 。 随着咳嗽咳痰是慢阻肺患者急性加重高危因素的明确 , 以及对慢性支气管炎病理生理学的深入认识 , 针对黏液高分泌的新疗法已被用于治疗伴或不伴慢阻肺的吸烟者 。 降低黏液高分泌可使部分合并慢性支气管炎的吸烟患者(伴或不伴慢阻肺)获益 , 这可能成为未来治疗慢阻肺的新靶点 。
最新研究发现慢阻肺发病机制包括慢性炎症、黏液高分泌等与气道内异常增生的干细胞亚群有关 , 认为是这些变异的干细胞亚群驱动了慢阻肺气道的病理表现[15] , 为干细胞治疗提供了新的思路 。 我们从支气管扩张的病例中也得到启示 , 在改善了慢性气道炎症反应和气道高分泌后 , 气道会重建 , 预示气道内干细胞在环境发生改变后对呼吸道有修复的作用[16] 。
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