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教授|TED | 哈佛心理学教授：到底是什么造成了人和人之间的差异( 二 )


Extroversion and agreeableness are both conducive to working well with people. Extroverts, for example, I find intriguing. With my classes, I sometimes give them a basic fact that might be revealing with respect to their personality: I tell them that it is virtually impossible for adults to lick the outside of their own elbow.
外向性和宜人性都有助于与人和谐相处。比如，外向的人，我就觉得很有趣。在课堂上，我有时会讲一个基本事实能揭示人的性格特点：我说，一个成年人无法舔到他们的手肘外侧。
Did you know that? Already, some of you have tried to lick the outside of your own elbow. But extroverts amongst you are probably those who have not only tried, but they have successfully licked the elbow of the person sitting next to them.
你们知道这事吗？你们中有些人已经尝试过舔自己的手肘外侧了。但你们中那些外向的人不但已经尝试过（舔自己的手肘），而且连坐他们旁边的人的手肘也没有放过。
Those are the extroverts.
这就是外向的人。
Let me deal in a bit more detail with extroversion, because it's consequential and it's intriguing, and it helps us understand what I call our three natures. First, our biogenic nature -- our neurophysiology. Second, our sociogenic or second nature, which has to do with the cultural and social aspects of our lives. And third, what makes you individually you -- idiosyncratic -- what I call your "idiogenic" nature.
让我再讨论一下外向性格的一些细节，因为它影响深远而且很有意思，能帮我们理解人类的三种天性。第一种是生物学天性——我们的神经生理学。第二种是社会学天性，又叫第二天性，与我们的文化和社会属性相关。而第三种，让你成为独一无二的“你” 我称之为场景特定天性。
Let me explain. One of the things that characterizes extroverts is they need stimulation. And that stimulation can be achieved by finding things that are exciting: loud noises, parties and social events here at TED -- you see the extroverts forming a magnetic core. They all gather together. And I've seen you.
下面我来解释一下。外向性格的人的一大特征就是他们需要刺激。这种刺激可以是令人兴奋的事：比如巨大的声响、热闹的聚会和TED这样的社交事件——你会发现外向者会形成一个磁性的内核。他们会聚集到一起。所以我才会在这里遇见你们。
The introverts are more likely to spend time in the quiet spaces up on the second floor, where they are able to reduce stimulation -- and may be misconstrued as being antisocial, but you're not necessarily antisocial. It may be that you simply realize that you do better when you have a chance to lower that level of stimulation.
而内向的人更喜欢上到二楼找个安静的地方待着，以减少外界刺激——这样做可能会被误认为不喜欢社交，但其实这并不绝对。也许你只是单纯地知道自己在外界刺激较低的时候状态更好。
Sometimes it's an internal stimulant, from your body. Caffeine, for example, works much better with extroverts than it does introverts. When extroverts come into the office at nine o'clock in the morning and say, "I really need a cup of coffee," they're not kidding -- they really do.
这也包括内在刺激，来自你的体内。比如说，咖啡因有时候对外向的人比内向的人更有效。当外向者早上9点走进办公室，说，“我需要一杯咖啡。”他们没开玩笑——他们是真需要。
Introverts do not do as well, particularly if the tasks they're engaged in -- and they've had some coffee -- if those tasks are speeded, and if they're quantitative, introverts may give the appearance of not being particularly quantitative. But it's a misconstrual.
内向者就不会这么做，尤其是当他们正在干的活儿——而且他们已经喝过咖啡了——如果这些活儿很急，而且有量化标准，内向者会表现得好像这些活儿没有特别的量化标准。但这是一种误导。
So here are the consequences that are really quite intriguing: we're not always what seem to be, and that takes me to my next point. I should say, before getting to this, something about sexual intercourse, although I may not have time. And so, if you would like me to -- yes, you would? OK.
因此我们能得出一些非常有趣的结论：我们经常会表里不一，这就引出了我下一个观点。我事先声明，我要说的，是关于做*的事情，但我的时间可能不太够。所以，如果你们想让我说的话—— 什么？你们很想听？好吧。
【 教授|TED | 哈佛心理学教授：到底是什么造成了人和人之间的差异】There are studies done on the frequency with which individuals engage in the conjugal act, as broken down by male, female; introvert, extrovert. So I ask you: How many times per minute -- oh, I'm sorry, that was a rat study --


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