情人节|Valentine’s Day 情人节的起源和习俗(双语)( 二 )
虽然有人认为2月中旬庆祝情人节是为了纪念瓦伦丁的死或他的葬礼（这大约发生在公元270年左右） ， 但是其他人则表示说这是基督教会有意将圣瓦伦丁的节日安排在2月中旬 ， 目的是为了把异教徒的牧神节“基督教化” 。 牧神节是一个古罗马生育节 ， 每年2月15日举行 ， 人们会在这一天献祭罗马农神福纳斯、以及罗马的建立者罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯 。
To begin the festival, members of the Luperci, an order of Roman priests, would gather at a sacred cave where the infants Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome, were believed to have been cared for by a she-wolf or lupa. The priests would sacrifice a goat, for fertility, and a dog, for purification. They would then strip the goat’s hide into strips, dip them into the sacrificial blood and take to the streets, gently slapping both women and crop fields with the goat hide. Far from being fearful, Roman women welcomed the touch of the hides because it was believed to make them more fertile in the coming year. Later in the day, according to legend, all the young women in the city would place their names in a big urn. The city’s bachelors would each choose a name and become paired for the year with his chosen woman. These matches often ended in marriage.
在庆典开始时 ， 参加牧神节的人们会受罗马祭司命令 ， 聚集在一个神圣的山洞里 ， 人们认为罗马的建立者罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯就是在这个山洞里被一只母狼养大的 。 祭司会献祭一只山羊祈求生育 ， 献祭一条狗祈求涤罪 。 然后他们会把山羊皮切成条 ， 蘸上祭品的鲜血后走上街头 ， 用带血的羊皮轻轻拍打妇女和农田 。 罗马妇女们非但不害怕 ， 还非常欢迎人们用羊皮打自己 ， 因为人们认为这会让妇女们来年更能生育 。 据传说 ， 在那一天晚些时候 ， 城市里所有年轻女性都会把她们的名字放到一个大瓮里 。 城里的单身汉们每个人都会选一个名字 ， 和挑到名字的女人成为一年的伴侣 。 配对的人往往最后都会结婚 。
Valentine’s Day: A Day of Romance
三、情人节：一个浪漫的节日 。
Lupercalia survived the initial rise of Christianity but was outlawed—as it was deemed “un-Christian”–at the end of the 5th century, when Pope Gelasius declared February 14 St. Valentine’s Day. It was not until much later, however, that the day became definitively associated with love. During the Middle Ages, it was commonly believed in France and England that February 14 was the beginning of birds’ mating season, which added to the idea that the middle of Valentine’s Day should be a day for romance.
基督教刚刚兴起时牧神节还得以保留了下来 ， 但是在公元5世纪末牧神节被宣布为非法（牧神节被视为“非基督徒”节日） ， 当时教皇拉西厄斯宣布2月14日为圣瓦伦丁节 。 但是后来隔了不久 ， 这个节日和爱情联系了起来 。 在中世纪 ， 人们普遍认为法国和英国鸟儿交配季从2月14日开始 ， 这也增强了人们有关圣瓦伦丁节应该是一个有关爱情的节日这一想法 。
Typical Valentine’s Day Greetings
四、经典的情人节问候 。
In addition to the United States, Valentine’s Day is celebrated in Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, France and Australia. In Great Britain, Valentine’s Day began to be popularly celebrated around the 17th century. By the middle of the 18th, it was common for friends and lovers of all social classes to exchange small tokens of affection or handwritten notes, and by 1900 printed cards began to replace written letters due to improvements in printing technology. Ready-made cards were an easy way for people to express their emotions in a time when direct expression of one’s feelings was discouraged. Cheaper postage rates also contributed to an increase in the popularity of sending Valentine’s Day greetings.
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