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财迷精选‖猎鹰9成功回收整流罩大降成本( 三 )

财迷精选‖猎鹰9成功回收整流罩大降成本
2019年11月11日 ， 一架SpaceX Falcon 9火箭从卡纳维拉尔角空军基地升空 ， 运载60颗Starlink卫星 ， 在佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角 。 Starlink星座最终将由数千颗旨在提供全球高速互联网服务的卫星组成 。 保罗·轩尼诗| NurPhoto |盖蒂图片社In essence, the underwriter said aFalcon 9 mission is cheaper to insure because the rocket costs less thancompetitors’— not necessarily because it is seen as more reliable. The underwriteradded that Musk’s method of comparing insurance premiums is additionally misleading given that launch insurance is almost always based on more than justthe cost of a rocket itself. A launch insurance policy typically includes thecost of the launch vehicle, the price of the spacecraft it’s launching and theamount paid for the insurance, the underwriter explained.实质上 ， 承销商表示 ， 猎鹰9号任务的保险成本较低 ， 因为火箭的成本比竞争对手低 ， 这不一定是因为它的可靠性更高 。 承销商补充说 ， 考虑到发射保险几乎总是基于不仅仅是火箭本身的成本 ， 马斯克比较保险费的方法还会产生误导 。 承销商解释说 ， 发射保险单通常包括运载火箭的成本 ， 发射航天器的价格以及支付的保险金额 。While SpaceX has had suffered tworocket failures in the past decade, the company’s Falcon 9 has successfully launched 81 times.在过去的十年中 ， SpaceX经历了两次火箭故障 ， 但该公司的Falcon 9已经成功发射了81次 。Reusing rockets as a way to save money重复使用火箭以节省金钱The price tag for a Falcon 9 launch canvary greatly depending on what a customer demands. In recent military launch contracts, the Air Force awarded SpaceX about $95 million per launch – as thenational security nature of the missions come with additional requirements forthe company. But, when SpaceX re-uses parts of its rocket, the company says itcan charge even less than its list price. In a briefing earlier this year,SpaceX director of vehicle integration Christopher Couluris said the company can “bring launches down to below $30 million per launch.”Falcon 9发射的价格标签可能会根据客户的需求而有很大差异 。 在最近的军事发射合同中 ， 空军授予SpaceX每次发射约9,500万美元-任务的国家安全性质对公司有额外的要求 。 但是 ， 当SpaceX重新使用其火箭的一部分时 ， 该公司表示其收费甚至可以低于其标价 。 在今年早些时候的简报中 ， SpaceX车辆集成总监克里斯托弗·库鲁里斯（Christopher Couluris）表示 ， 该公司“可以将每次发射的发射费用降低到3000万美元以下” 。“[The rocket] costs $28 million tolaunch it, that’s with everything,” Couluris said, adding that reusing therockets is what is “bringing the price down.”克里斯托弗·库鲁里斯说：“火箭的发射费用为2800万美元 ， 包括一切费用 。 ”他补充说 ， 重新使用火箭是“降低价格”的原因 。Competitors, such as the Boeing and Lockheed Martin-owned joint venture ULA, have remained skeptical of theefficacy of reusing rockets —— especially since SpaceX and its financials remain private, even as its valuation has soared. But Musk has often pointed toreusing rockets as key to saving the company money.波音公司和洛克希德·马丁公司拥有的合资企业ULA等竞争对手一直对重用火箭的有效性持怀疑态度 ， 特别是因为SpaceX及其财务仍处于私有状态 ， 尽管其估值已经飙升 。 但是马斯克经常指出重用火箭是节省公司资金的关键 。SpaceX has been able to recover two major pieces of its rockets: The large “first stage” boosters and the rocket’snosecone (also known as its “fairing”). The boosters, which SpaceX has often landed, make up about 60% of the total cost of the rocket, or about $37million. SpaceX has also been able to recover the fairings – which make upabout 10% of the total cost, or about $6 million – by either fishing them outof the ocean or catching them in large nets strung up behind boats.SpaceX能够回收其火箭的两大部分：大型“第一级”助推器和火箭的鼻锥（也称为“整流罩”） 。 SpaceX经常降落的助推器约占火箭总成本的60％ ， 即3,700万美元 。 SpaceX还能够通过将它们捕捞出海或用绑在船后的大网将它们收起来 ， 从而收回整流罩 ， 整流罩约占总成本的10％ ， 约合600万美元 。Two years ago SpaceX debuted the finalversion of its Falcon 9 rocket, which Musk at the time said “is capable of atleast 100 flights.” SpaceX has since pared that rocket reuse goal down, aspresident and COO Gwynne Shotwell said last month that “I don’t actually thinkwe’re going to need to fly more than 10 times.” So far, SpaceX has launched andlanded a single Falcon 9 booster five times.两年前 ， SpaceX首次推出了Falcon9火箭的最终版本 ， 当时马斯克表示 ， “它至少可以飞行100次” 。 此后 ， SpaceX削减了火箭的再利用目标 ， 正如总裁兼首席运营官格温·肖特韦尔（Gwynne Shotwell）上个月说的那样：“我实际上并不认为我们需要飞行10次以上 。 ”到目前为止 ， SpaceX已经发射并登陆了一次Falcon 9助推器 ， 已经进行了五次 。第三篇文章：《埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）成为因为特斯拉股价大涨而成为全球第四大富豪》


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