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胃癌：除了幽门螺杆菌，还有16个危险因素，4个有效方法可预防

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blockquote>p{line-height:33px!important}.font_s.pgc article blockquote>p span{font-size:15px!important}.font_m.pgc article blockquote>p span{font-size:17px!important}.font_l.pgc article blockquote>p span{font-size:19px!important}.font_xl.pgc article blockquote>p span{font-size:22px!important}.pgc article p+.article-br+article-img{margin-top:-18px!important}.pgc article .article-literature.pgc-end-literature,.pgc article .article-source.pgc-end-source{margin-top:0!important;margin-bottom:0!important;line-height:24px!important}.font_s.pgc article .article-literature.pgc-end-literature,.font_s.pgc article .article-source.pgc-end-source{font-size:13px!important}.font_m.pgc article .article-literature.pgc-end-literature,.font_m.pgc article .article-source.pgc-end-source{font-size:15px!important}.font_l.pgc article .article-literature.pgc-end-literature,.font_l.pgc article .article-source.pgc-end-source{font-size:17px!important}.font_xl.pgc article .article-literature.pgc-end-literature,.font_xl.pgc article .article-source.pgc-end-source{font-size:20px!important}.font_s.pgc article .article-literature.pgc-end-literature span,.font_s.pgc article .article-source.pgc-end-source span{font-size:13px!important}.font_m.pgc article .article-literature.pgc-end-literature span,.font_m.pgc article .article-source.pgc-end-source span{font-size:15px!important}.font_l.pgc article .article-literature.pgc-end-literature span,.font_l.pgc article .article-source.pgc-end-source span{font-size:17px!important}.font_xl.pgc article .article-literature.pgc-end-literature span,.font_xl.pgc article .article-source.pgc-end-source span{font-size:20px!important}.font_s.pgc article p{margin-top:16px!important;margin-bottom:16px!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}.font_m.pgc article p,.pgc article p{margin-top:18px!important;margin-bottom:18px!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}.font_l.pgc article p{margin-top:20px!important;margin-bottom:20px!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}.font_xl.pgc article p{margin-top:23px!important;margin-bottom:23px!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}.pgc article p:first-child{margin-top:0!important}.pgc article blockquote>p:first-child{margin-top:0!important}.pgc article blockquote>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}.pgc article blockquote li:first-child p{margin-top:0!important}.pgc article blockquote li:last-child p{margin-bottom:0!important}全世界每年约有99万人被诊断患有胃癌 ， 其中约738000人死于该疾病 ， 使胃癌成为第四大最常见的癌症和第二大最常见的癌症死亡原因 。 男女之间以及不同国家之间的胃癌发病率差异很大 。男性的发病率是女性的2到3倍 。与其他国家相比 ， 东亚 ， 东欧和南美的发病率最高 ， 而北美和非洲的大部分地区则最低 。例如 ， 韩国每年每100,000人的年龄标准化胃癌发病率为65.9 ， 而埃及为3.3 。
在世界上大多数地区 ， 胃癌的发病率一直在下降 。例如 ， 在美国 ， 从1992年到2010年 ， 男性的发病率每年下降1.7％ ， 女性下降0.8％（12） 。这些下降趋势的一个主要例外是贲门胃癌的发生率一直保持稳定或上升 ， 至少在西方国家如此 。 与非贲门胃癌不同 ， 幽门螺杆菌不是西方国家贲门癌的危险因素 ， 因此幽门螺杆菌流行率的下降预计不会影响贲门癌的发生率 。相反 ， 肥胖和胃食管反流是贲门癌的危险因素 。


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