and|双语泛读丨信息碎片化的时代,如何提升记忆力?( 二 )

【and|双语泛读丨信息碎片化的时代,如何提升记忆力?】而且 , 出于合算的目的 , 我们的大脑——不同于计算机——会一直重新记录这些记忆 , 从而让记忆更加容易出错 。
“Many people seem unaware that they might accomplish more with sustained, uninterrupted attention to one task,” said Nelson Cowan, a working memory specialist at the University of Missouri. “It can be exhilarating to flit from one conversation to another on Facebook, but people don’t realize what’s missing in the process. It’s like having a delicious soup poured on your head. Often the people who think they’re the best at sharing attention between tasks are actually missing the most.”
“很多人似乎都没意识到 , 如果不受干扰地持续专注于一项任务 , 他们可能会取得更好的成果 , ”密苏里大学(University of Missouri)工作记忆专家纳尔逊·考恩(Nelson Cowan)说 。 “在Facebook上从一场对话跳到另一场对话会令人兴奋不已 , 但人们没有意识到在此过程中失去了什么 。 这就好像一道美味的汤被洒在头上 。 自认为最善于同时关注不同任务的人 , 其实常常漏掉很多东西 。 ”
They’re both right, but there are still things we can do to improve our memories.
他们俩都是对的 , 但我们还是可以采取一些行动来改善记忆 。
Repeat After Me
重复温习
As simple as it sounds, the repetition of tasks — reading, or saying words over and over — continues to be the best method for transforming short-term memories into long-term ones. To do that, we have to retrain our minds to focus on one task at a time. Sadly, most bypass this formula because we’re already convinced we’re productive.
和听起来一样简单 , 重复执行任务——一遍又一遍地阅读单词或将其念出声——仍然是把短期记忆转化为长期记忆的最佳途径 。 这样做的时候 , 我们必须保持注意力的集中 , 每次执行一项任务 。 可悲的是 , 我们大多数人都忽略了这一准则 , 因为我们已然相信自己可以一心多用 。
New connections are made in your brain when you learn. To remember what you learn, do what you probably did in your youth: Repeat words, thoughts and ideas over and over until you get them right. It’s the easiest brain game there is.
学习的时候 , 新的连接会在你的大脑中形成 。 要记住学的东西 , 就得做你年少时大约做过的事情:反复记单词 , 反复琢磨一些想法和观念 , 直到完全记牢 。 这是最简单的大脑游戏 。
Take Your Time
慢慢来
Forget cramming. It didn’t work in college, it doesn’t work now. Spaced repetition might be the best way.
忘了临时抱佛脚吧 。 它在大学里没管用过 , 现在也不管用 。 间隔式重复或许最好的记忆法 。
Robert Bjork, the chair of U.C.L.A.’s psychology department, said that quickly stuffing facts into our brains leads us to forget them in the long term (he even filmed a YouTube video series on the subject). When you rehearse knowledge and practice it often, it sticks, research has shown. So if you can incorporate what you’re trying to remember into daily life, ideally over time, your chances of retaining it drastically improve.
加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)心理系主任罗伯特·比约克(Robert Bjork)说 , 快速把信息塞进大脑的结果是 , 时间一长我们就会忘记它们(他甚至就这一问题制作了一则视频 , 发在YouTube上) 。 研究显示 , 如果你经常温习或练习一些知识 , 就会将其记得很牢 。 因此 , 从理论上来说 , 如果你能把试图记住的东西融入自己的日常生活 , 那么假以时日 , 你记住它们的概率会大幅提升 。


推荐阅读