结语
琼斯沿袭了非洲裔美国小说作家围绕种族歧视和阶级压迫等主题创作的传统，探讨了复杂的人性在权力的诱惑和环境的逼迫下，在欲望的操控中是如何被扭曲的，道德是怎样败坏的。种族歧视的阴霾至今没有完全散去，黑人被边缘化的社会现实在很长一段时间里还会继续存在。但琼斯对此并不悲观，相反他对黑人的未来充满信心，他冲破了非洲裔美国黑人小说家的写作桎梏，为黑人克服自卑心理、消除种族歧视，发展壮大黑人政治经济文化蕴含了种种启示。他指出：个人单打独斗反抗的暴力形式不是解决压迫的有效途径，黑人应克服自卑心理，摆脱政治经济依附地位，发展独立的经济，最关键的是挖掘黑人独特、优秀的文化并将其发扬光大；团结黑人各个阶层(或所有被压迫的有色人种)的力量，以共同抵抗压迫。
参考文献
[1] Edward P.Jones, The Known World, [M]Harper Perennial, 2003.
[2] Edward P.Jones在Hilton Als的采访中，琼斯承认作品中时间浓缩的特点Paris Review-The Art of Fiction No. 222, [EB/OL]. http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/6283/the-art-of-fiction-no-222-edward-p-jones.
[3] 张红菊.“民主之父”杰斐逊为何拒绝解放奴隶——谈美国黑奴制与种族歧视的根源 [EB/OL]. http://bjrb.bjd.com.cn/html/2014-10/27/content_227555.htm.
【 启示|《已知世界》——美国黑人的现代生存启示】[4] 伯纳德·W.贝尔.非洲裔美国黑人小说及其传统[M].刘捷，等译.成都：四川人民出版社，2000.
[5] Ammons, Elizabeth. Conflicting Stories: American Women Writers at the Turn into the Twentieth Century. [M] New York: Oxford UP, 1991.
[6] Koger, Larry. Black Slave owners: Free Black Slave Masters in South Carolina, 1790-1860.Jefferson: [M] McFarland & Company, 1985.
[7] Andersson T, Andersson T. The Development of Henry Townsend in The Known World by Edward P. Jones[J]. Languages & Literatures, 2006.
[8] Hartman S V. Scenes of subjection: terror, slavery, and self-making in nineteenth-century America[M]. Oxford University Press, 1997.
[9] Macdonald J G. Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America [J]. Westchester university, 1999:26(2):141-142.
[10] Bassard K C. Imagining Other Worlds: Race, Gender, and the “Power Line” in Edward P. Jones’s “The Known World”[J]. African American Review, 2008, 42(3):407-419.
[11] Jackson L P. The Virginia Free Negro Farmer and Property Owner, 1830-1860[J]. Journal of Negro History, 1939, 24(4):390-439.
[12] Goldsmyth S, Russell J H. Colored Freemen as Slave Owners in Virginia[J]. Journal of Negro History, 1916, 1(3):233-242.
[13] 弗雷泽.美国的黑人[A]//罗伯特·法里斯·汤普森.精神的闪现：非洲人和非洲裔美国黑人的艺术和哲学[C].1983.
Modern Survival Revelations for African American in “The Known World”
HUANG Xue-fei(School of Foreign Languages & Cultures, Southwest University of Science and Sciences, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China)
Abstract: Edward P. Jones reveals the history and current situation of African Americans with enormous highly concentrated and concrete narrative in “The Known World”, depicting distinctive group feature of different sectors of the population. The entire text can be seen as the modern survival revelations for African Americans. The entire text can be interpreted into a modern African-American survival apocalypse, which includes the disillusionment of “white mythology”, multi-dimensional plight of the new black nobilities, and the differences and self-redemption between black nationalists, and the black peoples’ source of power for freedom in their cultural heritage. All of these have great significance for evoking introspection and self-improvement of African Americans.
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