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如何使用正式和非正式英语 Formal and Informal English( 四 )


The informal sentence is also much less precise.
It simply refers to stuff, instead of belongings or possessions.
非正式句子也没那么精确 。它只是简单地指东西，而不是所有物或物品 。
It also says "get out", without specifying the place (the premises or the building). The neutral sentence is somewhere in between.
它还用了“出去”这个词，但没有指定地点（房屋或建筑） 。中性的句子介于两者之间 。
In neutral language, you generally choose the simplest word you can.
So, you would say "take" instead of "collect", "leave" instead of "vacate", and so on.
在中性语言中，你通常可以选择最简单的词 。所以，你会说“拿”，而不是“收集”，“离开”而不是“腾空”，等等 。
You can also see that the informal sentence is much more direct than the other two.
This is an important part of formality in English.
你也可以看到，非正式的句子比其他两个句子更直接 。这是英语正式程度的重要组成部分 。
Formal language tends to be much more indirect. Formal language often sounds quite impersonal, because it uses fewer personal pronouns like I, you, he, she, etc.
正式英语往往更间接 。正式语言往往听起来很非人称的，因为它更少使用人称代词，例如我、你、他、她，等等 。
Informal language tends to be more direct and personal.
Informal language can be so direct that it can sound aggressive or rude if you use it in the wrong situations.
非正式语言往往更直接和人称的 。非正式语言可以如此直接，如果在错误的情况下使用它，会显得咄咄逼人或粗鲁 。
Neutral language is in the middle, similar to other situations that you have seen.
For example: Lessons need to be learnt from the mistakes which were made, formal.
中性语言处于中间，类似于你所见过的其他情况 。例如：我们需要从所犯的错误中吸取教训，正式 。
I hope you can learn from where you went wrong, neutral.
You made a mess of this and you need to do better next time, informal.
我希望你能从你的错误中吸取教训，中性 。你把这件事弄得一团糟，下次你需要做得更好，非正式 。
You can see that the formal sentence is impersonal. How does it achieve this?
你可以看到，正式的句子是非人称的 。它是如何做到这一点的呢？
First, the formal sentence uses the passive.
This makes it possible to avoid using personal pronouns.
首先，正式句子使用被动句 。这使它可以避免使用人称代词 。
The other two sentences include the word "you", but the formal sentence doesn't.
This makes it possible to express the idea without mentioning or blaming a specific person, which can be useful in certain situations.
另外两个句子包含了“你”这个词，但正式句子却没有 。这样就可以在不提及或谴责某个人的情况下表达这个意思，这在某些情况下是有用的 。
The neutral sentence is personal, because it uses "you" to refer to the listener.
However, it's not very direct, and wouldn't generally be considered rude, even in a professional setting.
中性句子是带人称的，因为它使用“你”来指代听者 。然而，它不是很直接，而且即使在专业场合也通常不会被认为是粗鲁 。
The informal sentence is very direct. If you say this to someone, you're not hiding what you think!
非正式句子非常直接 。如果你对某人说这样的话，你就没有隐藏你的想法！
This can be useful if you need to make yourself clear, but it could also sound rude or aggressive. It's not appropriate in all situations.
如果你需要让别人清楚你的想法，这种说法可以，但听起来较粗鲁和咄咄逼人 。它并非在所有情况下都合适 。
Let's do one more example. Look at three sentences.
我们再举个例子 。看三个句子 。
Can you tell which is formal, which is neutral, and which is informal?
We won't be able to do anything until we deal with these issues.
你能看出哪个是正式的、哪个是中性的，还有哪个是非正式的吗？除非我们解决了这些问题，不然我们什么也做不了 。
We won't be able to get anywhere until you sort this out.
It may be difficult to make progress until these matters are resolved.
除非你解决了这个问题，不然我们将毫无进展 。除非这些问题得到解决，不然很难取得进步 。
Can you tell which is which? The first sentence is neutral; the second is informal; and the third sentence is formal.
你能区分哪个是哪个吗？第一个句子是中性的；第二个是非正式的；第三个是正式的 。


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